Узнайте подробности ключевых элементов инфраструктуры Bootstrap 3, в том числе наш подход d веб-разработке, - лучше, быстрее, сильнее.
HTML5 doctype
Bootstrap использует HTML элементы и CSS правила в соотвествии с HTML5. Включите HTML5 doctype в Ваш проект.
<!DOCTYPE html><htmllang="en">
...
</html>
Mobile'зация
В Bootstrap 2, мы добавили множество элементов и стилей для поддержки Мобильных устройств. В Bootstrap 3, мы полностью переписали проект в соотвествии с требованиями мобильных устройств - таким образом что бы Bootstrap 3 стал идеальным фремворком для мобильных устройств. Вместо добавленя мобильных классов и использования дополнительных фич, вся мобильная поддержка изначально встроенна в Bootstrap 3. По факту, Bootstrap 3 изначально разрабатывался для мобильных девайсов.
Для правильного рендеринга и touch-эвентов, добавьте viewport meta-тег в <head>.
Картинки в Bootstrap 3 могут быть динамическими (responsive-friendly) через класс .img-responsive. Класс добавляет правило max-width: 100%; и height: auto; к картинкам так что бы они занимали всю гирину родительского элемента.
Разместите контент посередине страницы поместив контент в элемент с классом .container. Контейтер устанавливает правило max-width во множестве CSS media-query для соотвествия вашей сетке шаблона.
Шрифтовые иконки для Twitter Bootstrap. Скачать и прочитать документацию на Русском: Font Awesome на Русском. Оригинал на Английском здесь
Почему Font Awesome?
Один шрифт, 361 иконок
Управление через CSS
Бесконечная масштабируемость
На халяву!
Работает в IE7
Отлично подходит для Retina дисплеев
Сделан для Twitter Bootstrap
Поддерживается читалками
Grid system
Bootstrap includes a responsive, mobile-first fluid grid system that appropriately scales up to 12 columns as the device or viewport size increases. It includes predefined classes for easy layout options, as well as powerful mixins for generating more semantic layouts.
Media queries
We use the following media queries to create the key breakpoints in our grid system.
/* Extra small devices (phones, up to 480px) *//* No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap *//* Small devices (tablets, 768px and up) */@media(min-width:@screen-tablet){...}/* Medium devices (tablets, 992px and up) */@media(min-width:@screen-desktop){...}/* Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) */@media(min-width:@screen-large-desktop){...}
We occasionally expand on these media queries to include a max-width to limit CSS to a narrower set of devices.
See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table.
Extra small devices
Phones (<768px)
Small devices
Tablets (>768px)
Medium devices
Desktops (>992px)
Large devices
Desktops (>1200px)
Grid behavior
Horizontal at all times
Collapsed to start, horizontal above breakpoints
Max container width
None (auto)
720px
940px
1140px
Class prefix
.col-xs-
.col-sm-
.col-md-
.col-lg-
# of columns
12
Max column width
Auto
60px
78px
95px
Gutter width
30px (15px on each side of a column)
Nestable
Yes
Offsets
N/A
Yes
Column ordering
N/A
Yes
Example: Stacked-to-horizontal
Using a single set of .col-md-* grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices and tablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices.
Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding .col-xs-*.col-md-* to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.
8
4
4
4
4
6
6
<!-- Stack the columns on mobile by making one full-width and the other half-width --><divclass="row"><divclass="col-xs-12 col-md-8">8</div><divclass="col-xs-6 col-md-4">4</div></div><!-- Columns start at 50% wide on mobile and bump up to 33.3% wide on desktop --><divclass="row"><divclass="col-xs-6 col-md-4">4</div><divclass="col-xs-6 col-md-4">4</div><divclass="col-xs-6 col-md-4">4</div></div><!-- Columns are always 50% wide, on mobile and desktop --><divclass="row"><divclass="col-xs-6 col-md-6">6</div><divclass="col-xs-6 col-md-6">6</div></div>
Example: Mobile, tablet, and desktop
Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts with tablet .col-sm-* classes.
Move columns to the right using .col-md-offset-* classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by * columns. For example, .col-md-offset-4 moves .col-md-4 over four columns.
To nest your content with the default grid, add a new .row and set of .col-md-* columns within an existing .col-md-* column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12.
In addition to prebuilt grid classes for fast layouts, Bootstrap includes LESS variables and mixins for quickly generating your own simple, semantic layouts.
Variables
Variables determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below.
You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between.
Bootstrap's global default font-size is 14px, with a line-height of 1.428. This is applied to the <body> and all paragraphs. In addition, <p> (paragraphs) receive a bottom margin of half their computed line-height (10px by default).
Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula.
Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.
Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
<p>...</p>
Lead body copy
Make a paragraph stand out by adding .lead.
Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus dolor auctor. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus.
<pclass="lead">...</p>
Built with Less
The typographic scale is based on two LESS variables in variables.less: @font-size-base and @line-height-base. The first is the base font-size used throughout and the second is the base line-height. We use those variables and some simple math to create the margins, paddings, and line-heights of all our type and more. Customize them and Bootstrap adapts.
Emphasis
Make use of HTML's default emphasis tags with lightweight styles.
Small text
For de-emphasizing inline or blocks of text, use the <small> tag to set text at 85% the size of the parent. Heading elements receive their own font-size for nested <small> elements.
This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.
<small>This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.</small>
Bold
For emphasizing a snippet of text with a heavier font-weight.
The following snippet of text is rendered as bold text.
<strong>rendered as bold text</strong>
Italics
For emphasizing a snippet of text with italics.
The following snippet of text is rendered as italicized text.
<em>rendered as italicized text</em>
Alternate elements
Feel free to use <b> and <i> in HTML5. <b> is meant to highlight words or phrases without conveying additional importance while <i> is mostly for voice, technical terms, etc.
Alignment classes
Easily realign text to components with text alignment classes.
Stylized implementation of HTML's <abbr> element for abbreviations and acronyms to show the expanded version on hover. Abbreviations with a title attribute have a light dotted bottom border and a help cursor on hover, providing additional context on hover.
Basic abbreviation
For expanded text on long hover of an abbreviation, include the title attribute with the <abbr> element.
An abbreviation of the word attribute is attr.
<abbrtitle="attribute">attr</abbr>
Initialism
Add .initialism to an abbreviation for a slightly smaller font-size.
Present contact information for the nearest ancestor or the entire body of work. Preserve formatting by ending all lines with <br>.
Twitter, Inc.
795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600
San Francisco, CA 94107
P: (123) 456-7890
Full Name first.last@example.com
<address><strong>Twitter, Inc.</strong><br>
795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600<br>
San Francisco, CA 94107<br><abbrtitle="Phone">P:</abbr> (123) 456-7890
</address><address><strong>Full Name</strong><br><ahref="mailto:#">first.last@example.com</a></address>
Blockquotes
For quoting blocks of content from another source within your document.
Default blockquote
Wrap <blockquote> around any HTML as the quote. For straight quotes, we recommend a <p>.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.
<blockquote><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p></blockquote>
Blockquote options
Style and content changes for simple variations on a standard <blockquote>.
Naming a source
Add <small> tag for identifying the source. Wrap the name of the source work in <cite>.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.
Someone famous in Source Title
<blockquote><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p><small>Someone famous in <citetitle="Source Title">Source Title</cite></small></blockquote>
Alternate displays
Use .pull-right for a floated, right-aligned blockquote.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.
Someone famous in Source Title
<blockquoteclass="pull-right">
...
</blockquote>
Lists
Unordered
A list of items in which the order does not explicitly matter.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
Consectetur adipiscing elit
Integer molestie lorem at massa
Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
Phasellus iaculis neque
Purus sodales ultricies
Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
Ac tristique libero volutpat at
Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
Aenean sit amet erat nunc
Eget porttitor lorem
<ul><li>...</li></ul>
Ordered
A list of items in which the order does explicitly matter.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
Consectetur adipiscing elit
Integer molestie lorem at massa
Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
Aenean sit amet erat nunc
Eget porttitor lorem
<ol><li>...</li></ol>
Unstyled
Remove the default list-style and left margin on list items (immediate children only). This only applies to immediate children list items, meaning you will need to add the class for any nested lists as well.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
Consectetur adipiscing elit
Integer molestie lorem at massa
Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
Phasellus iaculis neque
Purus sodales ultricies
Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
Ac tristique libero volutpat at
Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
Aenean sit amet erat nunc
Eget porttitor lorem
<ulclass="list-unstyled"><li>...</li></ul>
Inline
Place all list items on a single line with inline-block and some light padding.
Lorem ipsum
Phasellus iaculis
Nulla volutpat
<ulclass="list-inline"><li>...</li></ul>
Description
A list of terms with their associated descriptions.
Description lists
A description list is perfect for defining terms.
Euismod
Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
Malesuada porta
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
<dl><dt>...</dt><dd>...</dd></dl>
Horizontal description
Make terms and descriptions in <dl> line up side-by-side. Starts off stacked like default <dl>s, but when the navbar expands, so do these.
Description lists
A description list is perfect for defining terms.
Euismod
Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
Malesuada porta
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Felis euismod semper eget lacinia
Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus.
Horizontal description lists will truncate terms that are too long to fit in the left column with text-overflow. In narrower viewports, they will change to the default stacked layout.
Code
Inline
Wrap inline snippets of code with <code>.
For example, <section> should be wrapped as inline.
For example, <code><section></code> should be wrapped as inline.
Basic block
Use <pre> for multiple lines of code. Be sure to escape any angle brackets in the code for proper rendering.
<p>Sample text here...</p>
<pre><p>Sample text here...</p></pre>
You may optionally add the .pre-scrollable class, which will set a max-height of 350px and provide a y-axis scrollbar.
Tables
Basic example
For basic styling—light padding and only horizontal dividers—add the base class .table to any <table>. It may seem super redundant, but given the widespread use of tables for other plugins like calendars and date pickers, we've opted to isolate our custom table styles.
#
First Name
Last Name
Username
1
Mark
Otto
@mdo
2
Jacob
Thornton
@fat
3
Larry
the Bird
@twitter
<tableclass="table">
...
</table>
Optional classes
Add any of the following classes to the .table base class.
Striped
Use .table-striped to add zebra-striping to any table row within the <tbody>.
Cross-browser compatibility
Striped tables are styled via the :nth-child CSS selector, which is not available in Internet Explorer 8.
#
First Name
Last Name
Username
1
Mark
Otto
@mdo
2
Jacob
Thornton
@fat
3
Larry
the Bird
@twitter
<tableclass="table table-striped">
...
</table>
Bordered
Add .table-bordered for borders on all sides of the table and cells.
#
First Name
Last Name
Username
1
Mark
Otto
@mdo
Mark
Otto
@TwBootstrap
2
Jacob
Thornton
@fat
3
Larry the Bird
@twitter
<tableclass="table table-bordered">
...
</table>
Hover rows
Add .table-hover to enable a hover state on table rows within a <tbody>.
#
First Name
Last Name
Username
1
Mark
Otto
@mdo
2
Jacob
Thornton
@fat
3
Larry the Bird
@twitter
<tableclass="table table-hover">
...
</table>
Condensed
Add .table-condensed to make tables more compact by cutting cell padding in half.
#
First Name
Last Name
Username
1
Mark
Otto
@mdo
2
Jacob
Thornton
@fat
3
Larry the Bird
@twitter
<tableclass="table table-condensed">
...
</table>
Contextual table classes
Use contextual classes to color table rows or individual cells.
Class
Description
.success
Indicates a successful or positive action
.danger
Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action
.warning
Indicates a warning that might need attention
.active
Applies the hover color to a particular row or cell
Individual form controls automatically receive some global styling. All textual <input>, <textarea>, and <select> elements with .form-control are set to width: 100%; by default. Wrap labels and controls in .form-group for optimum spacing.
<formrole="form"><fieldset><legend>Legend</legend><divclass="form-group"><labelfor="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label><inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="exampleInputEmail1"placeholder="Enter email"></div><divclass="form-group"><labelfor="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label><inputtype="password"class="form-control"id="exampleInputPassword1"placeholder="Password"></div><divclass="form-group"><labelfor="exampleInputFile">File input</label><inputtype="file"id="exampleInputFile"><pclass="help-block">Example block-level help text here.</p></div><divclass="checkbox"><label><inputtype="checkbox"> Check me out
</label></div><buttontype="submit"class="btn btn-default">Submit</button></fieldset></form>
Inline form
Add .form-inline for left-aligned and inline-block controls for a compact layout.
Requires custom widths
Inputs, selects, and textareas are 100% wide by default in Bootstrap. To use the inline form, you'll have to set a width on the form controls used within.
Always add labels
Screen readers will have trouble with your forms if you don't include a label for every input. For these inline forms, you can hide the labels using the .sr-only class.
<formclass="form-inline"role="form"><divclass="form-group"><labelclass="sr-only"for="exampleInputEmail2">Email address</label><inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="exampleInputEmail2"placeholder="Enter email"></div><divclass="form-group"><labelclass="sr-only"for="exampleInputPassword2">Password</label><inputtype="password"class="form-control"id="exampleInputPassword2"placeholder="Password"></div><divclass="checkbox"><label><inputtype="checkbox"> Remember me
</label></div><buttontype="submit"class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button></form>
Horizontal form
Use Bootstrap's predefined grid classes to align labels and groups of form controls in a horizontal layout by adding .form-horizontal to the form. Doing so changes .form-groups to behave as grid rows, so no need for .row.
<formclass="form-horizontal"role="form"><divclass="form-group"><labelfor="inputEmail1"class="col-lg-2 control-label">Email</label><divclass="col-lg-10"><inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="inputEmail1"placeholder="Email"></div></div><divclass="form-group"><labelfor="inputPassword1"class="col-lg-2 control-label">Password</label><divclass="col-lg-10"><inputtype="password"class="form-control"id="inputPassword1"placeholder="Password"></div></div><divclass="form-group"><divclass="col-lg-offset-2 col-lg-10"><divclass="checkbox"><label><inputtype="checkbox"> Remember me
</label></div></div></div><divclass="form-group"><divclass="col-lg-offset-2 col-lg-10"><buttontype="submit"class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button></div></div></form>
Supported form controls
Examples of standard form controls supported in an example form layout.
Inputs
Most common form control, text-based input fields. Includes support for all HTML5 types: text, password, datetime, datetime-local, date, month, time, week, number, email, url, search, tel, and color.
Type declaration required
Inputs will only be fully styled if their type is properly declared.
Form control which supports multiple lines of text. Change rows attribute as necessary.
<textareaclass="form-control"rows="3"></textarea>
Checkboxes and radios
Checkboxes are for selecting one or several options in a list while radios are for selecting one option from many.
Default (stacked)
<divclass="checkbox"><label><inputtype="checkbox"value="">
Option one is this and that—be sure to include why it's great
</label></div><divclass="radio"><label><inputtype="radio"name="optionsRadios"id="optionsRadios1"value="option1"checked>
Option one is this and that—be sure to include why it's great
</label></div><divclass="radio"><label><inputtype="radio"name="optionsRadios"id="optionsRadios2"value="option2">
Option two can be something else and selecting it will deselect option one
</label></div>
Inline checkboxes
Use .checkbox-inline or .radio-inline class to a series of checkboxes or radios for controls appear on the same line.
Add the disabled attribute to a <fieldset> to disable all the controls within the <fieldset> at once.
Link functionality of <a> not impacted
This class will only change the appearance of <a class="btn btn-default"> buttons, not their functionality. Use custom JavaScript to disable links here.
Cross-browser compatibility
While Bootstrap will apply these styles in all browsers, Internet Explorer 9 and below don't actually support the disabled attribute on a <fieldset>. Use custom JavaScript to disable the fieldset in these browsers.
Bootstrap includes validation styles for error, warning, and success states on form controls. To use, add .has-warning, .has-error, or .has-success to the parent element. Any .control-label, .form-control, and .help-block within that element will receive the validation styles.
<divclass="form-group has-warning"><labelclass="control-label"for="inputWarning">Input with warning</label><inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="inputWarning"></div><divclass="form-group has-error"><labelclass="control-label"for="inputError">Input with error</label><inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="inputError"></div><divclass="form-group has-success"><labelclass="control-label"for="inputSuccess">Input with success</label><inputtype="text"class="form-control"id="inputSuccess"></div>
Control sizing
Set heights using classes like .input-lg, and set widths using grid column classes like .col-lg-*.
Height sizing
Create larger or smaller form controls that match button sizes.
<spanclass="help-block">A block of help text that breaks onto a new line and may extend beyond one line.</span>
Buttons
Button options
Use any of the available button classes to quickly create a styled button.
<!-- Standard gray button with gradient --><buttontype="button"class="btn btn-default">Default</button><!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons --><buttontype="button"class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button><!-- Indicates a successful or positive action --><buttontype="button"class="btn btn-success">Success</button><!-- Contextual button for informational alert messages --><buttontype="button"class="btn btn-info">Info</button><!-- Indicates caution should be taken with this action --><buttontype="button"class="btn btn-warning">Warning</button><!-- Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action --><buttontype="button"class="btn btn-danger">Danger</button><!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior --><buttontype="button"class="btn btn-link">Link</button>
Button sizes
Fancy larger or smaller buttons? Add .btn-lg, .btn-sm, or .btn-xs for additional sizes.
As a best practice, we highly recommend using the <button> element whenever possible to ensure matching cross-browser rendering.
Among other things, there's a Firefox bug that prevents us from setting the line-height of <input>-based buttons, causing them to not exactly match the height of other buttons on Firefox.
Images
Add classes to an <img> element to easily style images in any project.
Cross-browser compatibility
Keep in mind that Internet Explorer 8 lacks support for rounded corners.
<aclass="sr-only"href="#content">Skip to content</a>
Responsive utilities
For faster mobile-friendly development, use these utility classes for showing and hiding content by device via media query. Also included are utility classes for toggling content when printed.
Responsive classes
Extra small devices
Phones (<768px)
Small devices
Tablets (>768px)
Medium devices
Desktops (>992px)
Large devices
Desktops (>1200px)
.visible-xs
Visible
Hidden
Hidden
Hidden
.visible-sm
Hidden
Visible
Hidden
Hidden
.visible-md
Hidden
Hidden
Visible
Hidden
.visible-lg
Hidden
Hidden
Hidden
Visible
.hidden-xs
Hidden
Visible
Visible
Visible
.hidden-sm
Visible
Hidden
Visible
Visible
.hidden-md
Visible
Visible
Hidden
Visible
.hidden-lg
Visible
Visible
Visible
Hidden
Print classes
Class
Browser
Print
.visible-print
Hidden
Visible
.hidden-print
Visible
Hidden
When to use
Use on a limited basis and avoid creating entirely different versions of the same site. Instead, use them to complement each device's presentation. Responsive utilities are currently only available for block-level toggling, meaning display: none; or display: block;. Use with inline and table elements is currently not supported.
Test case
Resize your browser or load on different devices to test the responsive utility classes.
Visible on...
Green checkmarks indicate the element is visible in your current viewport.
Extra small✔ Visible on x-small
Small✔ Visible on small
Medium✔ Visible on medium
Large✔ Visible on large
Hidden on...
Here, green checkmarks indicate the element is hidden in your current viewport.