Узнайте подробности ключевых элементов инфраструктуры Bootstrap 3, в том числе наш подход d веб-разработке, - лучше, быстрее, сильнее.

HTML5 doctype

Bootstrap использует HTML элементы и CSS правила в соотвествии с HTML5. Включите HTML5 doctype в Ваш проект.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  ...
</html>

Mobile'зация

В Bootstrap 2, мы добавили множество элементов и стилей для поддержки Мобильных устройств. В Bootstrap 3, мы полностью переписали проект в соотвествии с требованиями мобильных устройств - таким образом что бы Bootstrap 3 стал идеальным фремворком для мобильных устройств. Вместо добавленя мобильных классов и использования дополнительных фич, вся мобильная поддержка изначально встроенна в Bootstrap 3. По факту, Bootstrap 3 изначально разрабатывался для мобильных девайсов.

Для правильного рендеринга и touch-эвентов, добавьте viewport meta-тег в <head>.

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

Динамические (респонсив) картинки

Картинки в Bootstrap 3 могут быть динамическими (responsive-friendly) через класс .img-responsive. Класс добавляет правило max-width: 100%; и height: auto; к картинкам так что бы они занимали всю гирину родительского элемента.

<img src="..." class="img-responsive" alt="Responsive image">

Bootstrap 3 глобально устанавливает свойства для шрифтов, и ссылок, Дополнительно мы:

  • Удалили margin у элемента body
  • Установили background-color: white; у элемента body
  • Используем @font-family-base, @font-size-base, и @line-height-base атрибуты как основу для шрифтов
  • Установили цвет ссылок через @link-color, в подчеркивание ссылок оставили только для превдо-селектора :hover

Все эти стили могут быть найдены в scaffolding.less.

Normalize

Для улучшения кросс-браузерности, мы используем Normalize, проект от Николаса (Nicolas Gallagher) и Джонатана (Jonathan Neal).

Контейнер

Разместите контент посередине страницы поместив контент в элемент с классом .container. Контейтер устанавливает правило max-width во множестве CSS media-query для соотвествия вашей сетке шаблона.

<div class="container">
  ...
</div>

Шрифтовые иконки для Twitter Bootstrap. Скачать и прочитать документацию на Русском: Font Awesome на Русском. Оригинал на Английском здесь

Почему Font Awesome?

  • Один шрифт, 361 иконок
  • Управление через CSS
  • Бесконечная масштабируемость
  • На халяву!
  • Работает в IE7
  • Отлично подходит для Retina дисплеев
  • Сделан для Twitter Bootstrap
  • Поддерживается читалками

Bootstrap includes a responsive, mobile-first fluid grid system that appropriately scales up to 12 columns as the device or viewport size increases. It includes predefined classes for easy layout options, as well as powerful mixins for generating more semantic layouts.

Media queries

We use the following media queries to create the key breakpoints in our grid system.

/* Extra small devices (phones, up to 480px) */
/* No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap */

/* Small devices (tablets, 768px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-tablet) { ... }

/* Medium devices (tablets, 992px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-desktop) { ... }

/* Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-large-desktop) { ... }

We occasionally expand on these media queries to include a max-width to limit CSS to a narrower set of devices.

@media (max-width: @screen-phone-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-tablet) and (max-width: @screen-tablet-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-desktop) and (max-width: @screen-desktop-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-large-desktop) { ... }

Grid options

See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table.

Extra small devices Phones (<768px) Small devices Tablets (>768px) Medium devices Desktops (>992px) Large devices Desktops (>1200px)
Grid behavior Horizontal at all times Collapsed to start, horizontal above breakpoints
Max container width None (auto) 720px 940px 1140px
Class prefix .col-xs- .col-sm- .col-md- .col-lg-
# of columns 12
Max column width Auto 60px 78px 95px
Gutter width 30px (15px on each side of a column)
Nestable Yes
Offsets N/A Yes
Column ordering N/A Yes

Example: Stacked-to-horizontal

Using a single set of .col-md-* grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices and tablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
4
4
4
4
6
6
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-1">1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">1</div>
  <div class="col-md-1">1</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-8">8</div>
  <div class="col-md-4">4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-4">4</div>
  <div class="col-md-4">4</div>
  <div class="col-md-4">4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-6">6</div>
  <div class="col-md-6">6</div>
</div>

Example: Combining mobile with desktop

Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding .col-xs-* .col-md-* to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.

8
4
4
4
4
6
6
<!-- Stack the columns on mobile by making one full-width and the other half-width -->
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8">8</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">4</div>
</div>

<!-- Columns start at 50% wide on mobile and bump up to 33.3% wide on desktop -->
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">4</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">4</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">4</div>
</div>

<!-- Columns are always 50% wide, on mobile and desktop -->
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-6">6</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-6">6</div>
</div>

Example: Mobile, tablet, and desktop

Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts with tablet .col-sm-* classes.

.col-xs-12 .col-sm-8 .col-md-8
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-6 .col-md-6
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-6 .col-md-6
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-sm-8 .col-md-8</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-6 col-md-6">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-6 .col-md-6</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-6 col-md-6">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-6 .col-md-6</div>
</div>

Need more examples?

We dive into more grid layouts in a separate page, free of chrome and documentation to better show you the power of the grid.

More grid examples

Offsetting columns

Move columns to the right using .col-md-offset-* classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by * columns. For example, .col-md-offset-4 moves .col-md-4 over four columns.

4
4 offset 4
3 offset 3
3 offset 3
6 offset 3
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-4">...</div>
  <div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">...</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">3 offset 3</div>
  <div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">3 offset 3</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">...</div>
</div>

Nesting columns

To nest your content with the default grid, add a new .row and set of .col-md-* columns within an existing .col-md-* column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12.

Level 1: 9 columns
Level 2: 6 columns
Level 2: 6 columns
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-9">
    Level 1: 9 columns
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-6">
        Level 2: 6 columns
      </div>
      <div class="col-md-6">
        Level 2: 6 columns
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Column ordering

Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with .col-md-push-* and .col-md-pull-* modifier classes.

9
3
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-9 col-md-push-3">9</div>
  <div class="col-md-3 col-md-pull-9">3</div>
</div>

LESS mixins and variables

In addition to prebuilt grid classes for fast layouts, Bootstrap includes LESS variables and mixins for quickly generating your own simple, semantic layouts.

Variables

Variables determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below.

@grid-columns:              12;
@grid-gutter-width:         30px;
@grid-float-breakpoint:     768px;

Mixins

Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS for individual grid columns.

// Creates a wrapper for a series of columns
.make-row(@gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
  // Then clear the floated columns
  .clearfix();

  @media (min-width: @screen-small) {
    margin-left:  (@gutter / -2);
    margin-right: (@gutter / -2);
  }

  // Negative margin nested rows out to align the content of columns
  .row {
    margin-left:  (@gutter / -2);
    margin-right: (@gutter / -2);
  }
}

// Generate the extra small columns
.make-xs-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
  position: relative;
  // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
  min-height: 1px;
  // Inner gutter via padding
  padding-left:  (@gutter / 2);
  padding-right: (@gutter / 2);

  // Calculate width based on number of columns available
  @media (min-width: @grid-float-breakpoint) {
    float: left;
    width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

// Generate the small columns
.make-sm-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
  position: relative;
  // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
  min-height: 1px;
  // Inner gutter via padding
  padding-left:  (@gutter / 2);
  padding-right: (@gutter / 2);

  // Calculate width based on number of columns available
  @media (min-width: @screen-small) {
    float: left;
    width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

// Generate the small column offsets
.make-sm-column-offset(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-small) {
    margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}
.make-sm-column-push(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-small) {
    left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}
.make-sm-column-pull(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-small) {
    right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

// Generate the medium columns
.make-md-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
  position: relative;
  // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
  min-height: 1px;
  // Inner gutter via padding
  padding-left:  (@gutter / 2);
  padding-right: (@gutter / 2);

  // Calculate width based on number of columns available
  @media (min-width: @screen-medium) {
    float: left;
    width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

// Generate the large column offsets
.make-md-column-offset(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-medium) {
    margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}
.make-md-column-push(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-medium) {
    left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}
.make-md-column-pull(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-medium) {
    right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

// Generate the large columns
.make-lg-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
  position: relative;
  // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
  min-height: 1px;
  // Inner gutter via padding
  padding-left:  (@gutter / 2);
  padding-right: (@gutter / 2);

  // Calculate width based on number of columns available
  @media (min-width: @screen-large) {
    float: left;
    width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

// Generate the large column offsets
.make-lg-column-offset(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-large) {
    margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}
.make-lg-column-push(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-large) {
    left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}
.make-lg-column-pull(@columns) {
  @media (min-width: @screen-large) {
    right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
  }
}

Example usage

You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between.

.wrapper {
  .make-row();
}
.content-main {
  .make-lg-column(8);
}
.content-secondary {
  .make-lg-column(3);
  .make-lg-column-offset(1);
}
<div class="wrapper">
  <div class="content-main">...</div>
  <div class="content-secondary">...</div>
</div>

Headings

All HTML headings, <h1> through <h6> are available.

Bootstrap heading

Semibold 38px

Bootstrap heading

Semibold 32px

Bootstrap heading

Semibold 24px

Bootstrap heading

Semibold 18px
Bootstrap heading
Semibold 14px
Bootstrap heading
Semibold 12px
<h1>...</h1>
<h2>...</h2>
<h3>...</h3>
<h4>...</h4>
<h5>...</h5>
<h6>...</h6>

Body copy

Bootstrap's global default font-size is 14px, with a line-height of 1.428. This is applied to the <body> and all paragraphs. In addition, <p> (paragraphs) receive a bottom margin of half their computed line-height (10px by default).

Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula.

Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.

Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.

<p>...</p>

Lead body copy

Make a paragraph stand out by adding .lead.

Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus dolor auctor. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus.

<p class="lead">...</p>

Built with Less

The typographic scale is based on two LESS variables in variables.less: @font-size-base and @line-height-base. The first is the base font-size used throughout and the second is the base line-height. We use those variables and some simple math to create the margins, paddings, and line-heights of all our type and more. Customize them and Bootstrap adapts.

Emphasis

Make use of HTML's default emphasis tags with lightweight styles.

Small text

For de-emphasizing inline or blocks of text, use the <small> tag to set text at 85% the size of the parent. Heading elements receive their own font-size for nested <small> elements.

This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.

<small>This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.</small>

Bold

For emphasizing a snippet of text with a heavier font-weight.

The following snippet of text is rendered as bold text.

<strong>rendered as bold text</strong>

Italics

For emphasizing a snippet of text with italics.

The following snippet of text is rendered as italicized text.

<em>rendered as italicized text</em>

Alternate elements

Feel free to use <b> and <i> in HTML5. <b> is meant to highlight words or phrases without conveying additional importance while <i> is mostly for voice, technical terms, etc.

Alignment classes

Easily realign text to components with text alignment classes.

Left aligned text.

Center aligned text.

Right aligned text.

<p class="text-left">Left aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-center">Center aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-right">Right aligned text.</p>

Emphasis classes

Convey meaning through color with a handful of emphasis utility classes.

Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris nibh.

Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.

Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.

Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.

Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.

Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.

<p class="text-muted">...</p>
<p class="text-primary">...</p>
<p class="text-warning">...</p>
<p class="text-danger">...</p>
<p class="text-success">...</p>
<p class="text-info">...</p>

Abbreviations

Stylized implementation of HTML's <abbr> element for abbreviations and acronyms to show the expanded version on hover. Abbreviations with a title attribute have a light dotted bottom border and a help cursor on hover, providing additional context on hover.

Basic abbreviation

For expanded text on long hover of an abbreviation, include the title attribute with the <abbr> element.

An abbreviation of the word attribute is attr.

<abbr title="attribute">attr</abbr>

Initialism

Add .initialism to an abbreviation for a slightly smaller font-size.

HTML is the best thing since sliced bread.

<abbr title="HyperText Markup Language" class="initialism">HTML</abbr>

Addresses

Present contact information for the nearest ancestor or the entire body of work. Preserve formatting by ending all lines with <br>.

Twitter, Inc.
795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600
San Francisco, CA 94107
P: (123) 456-7890
Full Name
first.last@example.com
<address>
  <strong>Twitter, Inc.</strong><br>
  795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600<br>
  San Francisco, CA 94107<br>
  <abbr title="Phone">P:</abbr> (123) 456-7890
</address>

<address>
  <strong>Full Name</strong><br>
  <a href="mailto:#">first.last@example.com</a>
</address>

Blockquotes

For quoting blocks of content from another source within your document.

Default blockquote

Wrap <blockquote> around any HTML as the quote. For straight quotes, we recommend a <p>.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.

<blockquote>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
</blockquote>

Blockquote options

Style and content changes for simple variations on a standard <blockquote>.

Naming a source

Add <small> tag for identifying the source. Wrap the name of the source work in <cite>.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.

Someone famous in Source Title
<blockquote>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
  <small>Someone famous in <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></small>
</blockquote>

Alternate displays

Use .pull-right for a floated, right-aligned blockquote.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.

Someone famous in Source Title
<blockquote class="pull-right">
  ...
</blockquote>

Lists

Unordered

A list of items in which the order does not explicitly matter.

  • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
  • Consectetur adipiscing elit
  • Integer molestie lorem at massa
  • Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
  • Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
    • Phasellus iaculis neque
    • Purus sodales ultricies
    • Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
    • Ac tristique libero volutpat at
  • Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
  • Aenean sit amet erat nunc
  • Eget porttitor lorem
<ul>
  <li>...</li>
</ul>

Ordered

A list of items in which the order does explicitly matter.

  1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
  2. Consectetur adipiscing elit
  3. Integer molestie lorem at massa
  4. Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
  5. Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
  6. Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
  7. Aenean sit amet erat nunc
  8. Eget porttitor lorem
<ol>
  <li>...</li>
</ol>

Unstyled

Remove the default list-style and left margin on list items (immediate children only). This only applies to immediate children list items, meaning you will need to add the class for any nested lists as well.

  • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
  • Consectetur adipiscing elit
  • Integer molestie lorem at massa
  • Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
  • Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
    • Phasellus iaculis neque
    • Purus sodales ultricies
    • Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
    • Ac tristique libero volutpat at
  • Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
  • Aenean sit amet erat nunc
  • Eget porttitor lorem
<ul class="list-unstyled">
  <li>...</li>
</ul>

Inline

Place all list items on a single line with inline-block and some light padding.

  • Lorem ipsum
  • Phasellus iaculis
  • Nulla volutpat
<ul class="list-inline">
  <li>...</li>
</ul>

Description

A list of terms with their associated descriptions.

Description lists
A description list is perfect for defining terms.
Euismod
Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
Malesuada porta
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
<dl>
  <dt>...</dt>
  <dd>...</dd>
</dl>

Horizontal description

Make terms and descriptions in <dl> line up side-by-side. Starts off stacked like default <dl>s, but when the navbar expands, so do these.

Description lists
A description list is perfect for defining terms.
Euismod
Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
Malesuada porta
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Felis euismod semper eget lacinia
Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus.
<dl class="dl-horizontal">
  <dt>...</dt>
  <dd>...</dd>
</dl>

Auto-truncating

Horizontal description lists will truncate terms that are too long to fit in the left column with text-overflow. In narrower viewports, they will change to the default stacked layout.

Inline

Wrap inline snippets of code with <code>.

For example, <section> should be wrapped as inline.
For example, <code>&lt;section&gt;</code> should be wrapped as inline.

Basic block

Use <pre> for multiple lines of code. Be sure to escape any angle brackets in the code for proper rendering.

<p>Sample text here...</p>
<pre>&lt;p&gt;Sample text here...&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

You may optionally add the .pre-scrollable class, which will set a max-height of 350px and provide a y-axis scrollbar.

Basic example

For basic styling—light padding and only horizontal dividers—add the base class .table to any <table>. It may seem super redundant, but given the widespread use of tables for other plugins like calendars and date pickers, we've opted to isolate our custom table styles.

# First Name Last Name Username
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter
<table class="table">
  ...
</table>

Optional classes

Add any of the following classes to the .table base class.

Striped

Use .table-striped to add zebra-striping to any table row within the <tbody>.

Cross-browser compatibility

Striped tables are styled via the :nth-child CSS selector, which is not available in Internet Explorer 8.

# First Name Last Name Username
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter
<table class="table table-striped">
  ...
</table>

Bordered

Add .table-bordered for borders on all sides of the table and cells.

# First Name Last Name Username
1 Mark Otto @mdo
Mark Otto @TwBootstrap
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter
<table class="table table-bordered">
  ...
</table>

Hover rows

Add .table-hover to enable a hover state on table rows within a <tbody>.

# First Name Last Name Username
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter
<table class="table table-hover">
  ...
</table>

Condensed

Add .table-condensed to make tables more compact by cutting cell padding in half.

# First Name Last Name Username
1 Mark Otto @mdo
2 Jacob Thornton @fat
3 Larry the Bird @twitter
<table class="table table-condensed">
  ...
</table>

Contextual table classes

Use contextual classes to color table rows or individual cells.

Class Description
.success Indicates a successful or positive action
.danger Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action
.warning Indicates a warning that might need attention
.active Applies the hover color to a particular row or cell
# Column heading Column heading Column heading
1 Column content Column content Column content
2 Column content Column content Column content
3 Column content Column content Column content
4 Column content Column content Column content
5 Column content Column content Column content
6 Column content Column content Column content
7 Column content Column content Column content
<tr class="success">
  <td>1</td>
  <td>Column content</td>
  <td>Column content</td>
  <td>Column content</td>
</tr>

Basic example

Individual form controls automatically receive some global styling. All textual <input>, <textarea>, and <select> elements with .form-control are set to width: 100%; by default. Wrap labels and controls in .form-group for optimum spacing.

Legend

Example block-level help text here.

<form role="form">
  <fieldset>
    <legend>Legend</legend>
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Enter email">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>
      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="exampleInputFile">File input</label>
      <input type="file" id="exampleInputFile">
      <p class="help-block">Example block-level help text here.</p>
    </div>
    <div class="checkbox">
      <label>
        <input type="checkbox"> Check me out
      </label>
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
  </fieldset>
</form>

Inline form

Add .form-inline for left-aligned and inline-block controls for a compact layout.

Requires custom widths

Inputs, selects, and textareas are 100% wide by default in Bootstrap. To use the inline form, you'll have to set a width on the form controls used within.

Always add labels

Screen readers will have trouble with your forms if you don't include a label for every input. For these inline forms, you can hide the labels using the .sr-only class.

<form class="form-inline" role="form">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputEmail2">Email address</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail2" placeholder="Enter email">
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputPassword2">Password</label>
    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword2" placeholder="Password">
  </div>
  <div class="checkbox">
    <label>
      <input type="checkbox"> Remember me
    </label>
  </div>
  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
</form>

Horizontal form

Use Bootstrap's predefined grid classes to align labels and groups of form controls in a horizontal layout by adding .form-horizontal to the form. Doing so changes .form-groups to behave as grid rows, so no need for .row.

<form class="form-horizontal" role="form">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputEmail1" class="col-lg-2 control-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-lg-10">
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputEmail1" placeholder="Email">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputPassword1" class="col-lg-2 control-label">Password</label>
    <div class="col-lg-10">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword1" placeholder="Password">
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="col-lg-offset-2 col-lg-10">
      <div class="checkbox">
        <label>
          <input type="checkbox"> Remember me
        </label>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <div class="col-lg-offset-2 col-lg-10">
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>

Supported form controls

Examples of standard form controls supported in an example form layout.

Inputs

Most common form control, text-based input fields. Includes support for all HTML5 types: text, password, datetime, datetime-local, date, month, time, week, number, email, url, search, tel, and color.

Type declaration required

Inputs will only be fully styled if their type is properly declared.

<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Text input">

Textarea

Form control which supports multiple lines of text. Change rows attribute as necessary.

<textarea class="form-control" rows="3"></textarea>

Checkboxes and radios

Checkboxes are for selecting one or several options in a list while radios are for selecting one option from many.

Default (stacked)


<div class="checkbox">
  <label>
    <input type="checkbox" value="">
    Option one is this and that&mdash;be sure to include why it's great
  </label>
</div>

<div class="radio">
  <label>
    <input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios1" value="option1" checked>
    Option one is this and that&mdash;be sure to include why it's great
  </label>
</div>
<div class="radio">
  <label>
    <input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios2" value="option2">
    Option two can be something else and selecting it will deselect option one
  </label>
</div>

Inline checkboxes

Use .checkbox-inline or .radio-inline class to a series of checkboxes or radios for controls appear on the same line.

<label class="checkbox-inline">
  <input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox1" value="option1"> 1
</label>
<label class="checkbox-inline">
  <input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox2" value="option2"> 2
</label>
<label class="checkbox-inline">
  <input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox3" value="option3"> 3
</label>

Selects

Use the default option, or add multiple to show multiple options at once.


<select class="form-control">
  <option>1</option>
  <option>2</option>
  <option>3</option>
  <option>4</option>
  <option>5</option>
</select>

<select multiple class="form-control">
  <option>1</option>
  <option>2</option>
  <option>3</option>
  <option>4</option>
  <option>5</option>
</select>

Static text in horizontal forms

When you need to place regular, static text next to a form label within a horizontal form, use the .form-control-static class on a <p>.

email@example.com

<form class="form-horizontal" role="form">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="col-lg-2 control-label">Email</label>
    <div class="col-lg-10">
      <p class="form-control-static">email@example.com</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="inputPassword" class="col-lg-2 control-label">Password</label>
    <div class="col-lg-10">
      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password">
    </div>
  </div>
</form>

Form control states

Provide feedback to users or visitors with basic feedback states on form controls and labels.

Input focus

We remove the default outline styles on some form controls and apply a box-shadow in its place for :focus.

<input class="form-control" id="focusedInput" type="text" value="This is focused...">

Disabled inputs

Add the disabled attribute on an input to prevent user input and trigger a slightly different look.

<input class="form-control" id="disabledInput" type="text" placeholder="Disabled input here..." disabled>

Disabled fieldsets

Add the disabled attribute to a <fieldset> to disable all the controls within the <fieldset> at once.

Link functionality of <a> not impacted

This class will only change the appearance of <a class="btn btn-default"> buttons, not their functionality. Use custom JavaScript to disable links here.

Cross-browser compatibility

While Bootstrap will apply these styles in all browsers, Internet Explorer 9 and below don't actually support the disabled attribute on a <fieldset>. Use custom JavaScript to disable the fieldset in these browsers.

<form class="form-inline" role="form">
  <fieldset disabled>
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="disabledTextInput">Disabled input</label>
      <input type="text" id="disabledTextInput" class="form-control" placeholder="Disabled input">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="disabledSelect">Disabled select menu</label>
      <select id="disabledSelect" class="form-control">
        <option>Disabled select</option>
      </select>
    </div>
    <div class="checkbox">
      <label>
        <input type="checkbox"> Can't check this
      </label>
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
  </fieldset>
</form>

Validation states

Bootstrap includes validation styles for error, warning, and success states on form controls. To use, add .has-warning, .has-error, or .has-success to the parent element. Any .control-label, .form-control, and .help-block within that element will receive the validation styles.

<div class="form-group has-warning">
  <label class="control-label" for="inputWarning">Input with warning</label>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputWarning">
</div>
<div class="form-group has-error">
  <label class="control-label" for="inputError">Input with error</label>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputError">
</div>
<div class="form-group has-success">
  <label class="control-label" for="inputSuccess">Input with success</label>
  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputSuccess">
</div>

Control sizing

Set heights using classes like .input-lg, and set widths using grid column classes like .col-lg-*.

Height sizing

Create larger or smaller form controls that match button sizes.

<input class="form-control input-lg" type="text" placeholder=".input-lg">
<input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Default input">
<input class="form-control input-sm" type="text" placeholder=".input-sm">

<select class="form-control input-lg">...</select>
<select class="form-control">...</select>
<select class="form-control input-sm">...</select>

Column sizing

Wrap inputs in grid columns, or any custom parent element, to easily enforce desired widths.

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-lg-2">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-lg-2">
  </div>
  <div class="col-lg-3">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-lg-3">
  </div>
  <div class="col-lg-4">
    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-lg-4">
  </div>
</div>

Help text

Block level help text for form controls.

A block of help text that breaks onto a new line and may extend beyond one line.
<span class="help-block">A block of help text that breaks onto a new line and may extend beyond one line.</span>

Button options

Use any of the available button classes to quickly create a styled button.

<!-- Standard gray button with gradient -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Default</button>

<!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button>

<!-- Indicates a successful or positive action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">Success</button>

<!-- Contextual button for informational alert messages -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">Info</button>

<!-- Indicates caution should be taken with this action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">Warning</button>

<!-- Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">Danger</button>

<!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>

Button sizes

Fancy larger or smaller buttons? Add .btn-lg, .btn-sm, or .btn-xs for additional sizes.

<p>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg">Large button</button>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg">Large button</button>
</p>
<p>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Default button</button>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Default button</button>
</p>
<p>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Small button</button>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm">Small button</button>
</p>
<p>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs">Extra small button</button>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs">Extra small button</button>
</p>

Create block level buttons—those that span the full width of a parent— by adding .btn-block.

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block">Block level button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg btn-block">Block level button</button>

Disabled state

Make buttons look unclickable by fading them back 50%.

Button element

Add the disabled attribute to <button> buttons.

<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary" disabled="disabled">Primary button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg" disabled="disabled">Button</button>

Cross-browser compatibility

If you add the disabled attribute to a <button>, Internet Explorer 9 and below will render text gray with a nasty text-shadow that we cannot fix.

Anchor element

Add the .disabled class to <a> buttons.

Primary link Link

<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg disabled">Primary link</a>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-default btn-lg disabled">Link</a>

We use .disabled as a utility class here, similar to the common .active class, so no prefix is required.

Link functionality not impacted

This class will only change the <a>'s appearance, not its functionality. Use custom JavaScript to disable links here.

Using multiple tags

Use the button classes on an <a>, <button>, or <input> element.

Link
<a class="btn btn-default" href="#">Link</a>
<button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input">
<input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">

Cross-browser rendering

As a best practice, we highly recommend using the <button> element whenever possible to ensure matching cross-browser rendering.

Among other things, there's a Firefox bug that prevents us from setting the line-height of <input>-based buttons, causing them to not exactly match the height of other buttons on Firefox.

Add classes to an <img> element to easily style images in any project.

Cross-browser compatibility

Keep in mind that Internet Explorer 8 lacks support for rounded corners.

A generic square placeholder image with rounded corners A generic square placeholder image where only the portion within the circle circumscribed about said square is visible A generic square placeholder image with a white border around it, making it resemble a photograph taken with an old instant camera
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail">

Responsive images

Looking for how to make images more responsive? Check out the responsive images section up top.

Close icon

Use the generic close icon for dismissing content like modals and alerts.

<button type="button" class="close" aria-hidden="true">&times;</button>

.pull-left

Float an element left

<div class="pull-left">...</div>
.pull-left {
  float: left;
}

.pull-right

Float an element right

<div class="pull-right">...</div>
.pull-right {
  float: right;
}

.clearfix

Clear the float on any element. Utilizes the micro clearfix as popularized by Nicolas Gallagher.

<div class="clearfix">...</div>
// Mixin
.clearfix() {
  &:before,
  &:after {
    content: " ";
    display: table;
  }
  &:after {
    clear: both;
  }
}

// Usage
.element {
  .clearfix();
}

.sr-only

Hide an element to all users except screen readers. Necessary for following accessibility best practices.

<a class="sr-only" href="#content">Skip to content</a>

For faster mobile-friendly development, use these utility classes for showing and hiding content by device via media query. Also included are utility classes for toggling content when printed.

Responsive classes

Extra small devices Phones (<768px) Small devices Tablets (>768px) Medium devices Desktops (>992px) Large devices Desktops (>1200px)
.visible-xs Visible
.visible-sm Visible
.visible-md Visible
.visible-lg Visible
.hidden-xs Visible Visible Visible
.hidden-sm Visible Visible Visible
.hidden-md Visible Visible Visible
.hidden-lg Visible Visible Visible

Print classes

Class Browser Print
.visible-print Visible
.hidden-print Visible

When to use

Use on a limited basis and avoid creating entirely different versions of the same site. Instead, use them to complement each device's presentation. Responsive utilities are currently only available for block-level toggling, meaning display: none; or display: block;. Use with inline and table elements is currently not supported.

Test case

Resize your browser or load on different devices to test the responsive utility classes.

Visible on...

Green checkmarks indicate the element is visible in your current viewport.

✔ Visible on x-small
✔ Visible on small
Medium ✔ Visible on medium
✔ Visible on large

Hidden on...

Here, green checkmarks indicate the element is hidden in your current viewport.

Extra small
Small
Medium ✔ Hidden on medium
Large